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The below may be of interest:
Exercise effects on brain and cognition
Taken from:
http://mindblog.
Hillman et al., provide an interesting review article (PDF here) that
examines the positive effects of aerobic physical activity on
cognition and brain function, at the molecular, cellular, systems and
behavioral levels.
The results of a meta-analysis of the effects of fitness training on
cognition showed that the benefits of fitness training on four
different cognitive tasks were significant. As illustrated in the
figure, fitness training has both broad and specific effects. The
effects are broad in the sense that individuals in aerobic fitness
training groups (represented by the red bars) showed larger fitness
training effects across the different categories of cognitive
processes illustrated on the x-axis. They are specific in the sense
that fitness training effects were larger for some cognitive
processes, in particular executive control processes, than for other
cognitive processes.
Physical activity has been found to enhance cognition, with a
selectively larger effect on executive control functions compared
with other cognitive processes. Accordingly, brain structures that
mediate executive functions would be expected to show
disproportionate changes as a result of participation in physical
activity. One such structure is the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),
which is part of the brain's limbic system and has connections with
multiple brain structures that process sensory, motor, emotional and
cognitive information. Two convergent lines of research indicate that
physical activity exerts a substantial influence on the ACC and the
concomitant executive processes that it mediates.
============
Jamie Carruthers
Wakefield, UK
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